Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan and Inclusive Compound Layered Gold Nanocarrier to Improve the antiproliferation effect of Tamoxifen Hydrochloride in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells

INTRODUCTION: Cancer has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide along with cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases. Most death-leading types of cancer are lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer. Due to the remarkable properties of gold nanocarrier, it is used to deliver and improve tamoxifen activity on Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells.
METHODS: In this study, preparation of gold nanoparticles, the zeta-potential and size, high resolution transient electron microscopy, HPLC, UV-vis spectra, fluorescence microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and real-time cellular analysis xCELLigence technology were investigated.
RESULTS: the zeta-average size of the Tam-β-CD-HA-Chi-Au nanocomposite is 82.02 nm with negative zeta potential -23.6. Furthermore, HRTEM images showed that, successful formulation of polymer shell around Au core and the Au NPs shape is mostly spherical, triangle and irregular. Furthermore, the fluorescence microscope image showed proper cellular uptake of the Tam- β-CD-HA-Chi-Au nanocomposite in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells. In addition, The Tam-β-CD-HA-Chi-Au nanocomposite significantly improved the cytotoxic activity of Tamoxifen on Caco-2 cells the IC50 value of Tam was reduced from 8.55 µM to 5.32 µM after 48 hours of incubation time (p-value < 0.00001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This research study showed that Tam-β-CD-HA-Chi-Au nanocomposite is a potential nanocarrier to deliver drug to Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cells, since it has improved the tamoxifen citrate activity on colorectal cancer cells. After all, the developed formula showed more effect on Caco-2 than MCF-7. The prepared nanocomposite could be used to improve the cancer therapy in clinical trials.