Is Dietary Macronutrient Distribution Related to Serum Lipid Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to evaluate the dietary macronutrient distribution effect on serum lipid profile in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 82 children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 18 with diabetes age ≥1 year. Dietary intake was evaluated by 3-days food diaries, including three consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend day).
RESULTS: The mean age of 82 patients with diabetes (PwD) was 11.6±4.3 years (min 2-18 years) (45.1 % female), the median diabetes duration was 3.4 (2.9) years, the mean HbA1c level was 7.0 (1.4)%, and mean BMI standard deviation score (SDS) was 0.2±1.1. The median distribution of energy from carbohydrates, protein and fat in total energy intake was 50.0 (6.2)%, 17.4 (2.7)% and 32.5 (5.1)%, respectively. Dietary fiber intake was inadequate in 77.9%, while 93.9% SFA intake was above the above the recommendation. For children and adolescents with T1D, mean serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein level were 162.9±33.4 mg/dl, 86.2±49 mg/dl, 87.9±29.2 mg/dl, and 60.7±17.9 mg/dl, respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: To maintain healthy eating, consuming foods high in saturated fat should be limited, and children and adolescents with T1D should be supported for consuming diets high in fiber by their family and healthcare professionals.