Interrelationship between Blood Glucose Level and Incidence of Bone Disease in Diabetes

Patients, with high blood glucose (diabetes) suffer from a number of disorders including bone disease.
The present investigation was undertaken to study the probable mechanism by which bone disturbances occur in patients with varying levels of serum glucose.
In females with serum glucose within the range of 110-270 mg/dL serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) level decreased from 4.42±0.50 to 3.46±0.48 mg/dL (p<0.05), whereas serum total calcium (Ca) level did not change significantly. Serum phosphorous concentration increased from 4.21±0.56 to 5.19±1.21 mg/dL (p<0.05) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity elevated from 69.84±9.70 to 103.53±30.73 IU/L respectively (p<0.05).
In male with the same serum glucose levels (110-270 mg/dL) serum total calcium (Ca) level decreased from 9.77±0.50 to 7.7±2.12 mg/dL (p<0.05) and serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) decreased from 4.18±0.65 to 3.45±0.43 mg/dL (p<0.05). Serum phosphorous concentration elevated from 3.90±0.60 to 5.5 ± 1.58 mg/dL (p<0.05), and serum ALP was elevated from 69.85±9.71 to 106±34.5 IU/L. Elevated serum ALP activity was related to bone fraction isoenzymes as examined by heat stability test (56°C in 10 min). Serum protein level in both male and female patients was decreased in comparison to healthy controls.
The probable relationship between hyperglycemia and occurrence of bone disease in diabetic patients has been discussed in this manuscript.