%PDF-1.3
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0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
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0 0 0 0 k
56.693 633.788 481.889 94.716 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
20 0 0 20 57.6927 712.5873 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal anestezi sonras\335 ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar: )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
[(S\335kl\335\333\335n ve etyolojik)-250(fakt\232rlerin de\333erlendirilmesi )]TJ
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6927 638.5873 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G\237rkan T\206RKER (*), Alp GURBET (*), Sema \205Z\202EL\334K (*), Nesimi U\202KUNKAYA (**))Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.692 620.441 m
538.582 620.441 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 275.232 226.771 333.22 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 157.5739 600.4056 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(\205ZET)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 57.6927 580.4056 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.038 Tc
0.087 Tw
(Son y\335llardaki \215al\335\337malar ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar\335n)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.071 Tw
((GNS) s\335kl\335kla lidokain spinal anestezisinden sonra olu\337tu\333u-)Tj
T*
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(nu g\232stermi\337tir. Ancak, GNS olu\337umunu etkileyen fakt\232rlere)Tj
T*
0.026 Tc
0.099 Tw
(ili\337kin bilgiler halen s\335n\335rl\335d\335r. Bu prospektif \215al\335\337madaki)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(amac\335m\335z, GNS ile ili\337kili potansiyel risk fakt\232rlerini de\333er-)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(lendirmekti. )Tj
0 -2.22223 TD
0.009 Tw
(18 ayl\335k s\237rede 648 hasta \237zerinde \215al\335\337\335ld\335 ve bu olgular\335n %)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.013 Tw
(40\325\335na lidokain ve % 60\325\335na bupivakain ile spinal anestezi uy-)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.112 Tw
(guland\335. \202al\335\337maya al\335nan 60 ya\337 \237zerindeki olgular i\215in 22)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.0349 Tc
(G)Tj
1.13185 0 Td
0.035 Tc
0.09 Tw
(Quincke, daha gen\215 olgularda ise 25 G Quincke veya)Tj
-1.13185 -1.11111 TD
0.02 Tc
0.105 Tw
(Sprotte spinal i\333ne ile giri\337im ger\215ekle\337tirildi. K\335sa s\237reli)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.028 Tw
(operasyonlar i\215in izobarik % 2 lidokain 20-80 mg aras\335, uzun)Tj
T*
0.008 Tw
(s\237reli operasyonlar i\215in hiperbarik % 0.5 bupivakain 5-15 mg)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.008 Tc
0.117 Tw
(aras\335ndaki dozlar tercih edildi. Lidokain ile spinal anestezi)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.066 Tw
(uygulanan olgular\335n % 24\325\237nde, bupivakain uygulanan olgu-)Tj
T*
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
(lar\335n ise % 0.5\325inde GNS geli\337ti. Ayn\335 zamanda elde edilen)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.05 Tw
(veriler, lidokain spinal anestezisi ile ili\337kili GNS i\215in obezite)Tj
24.64188 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64188 -1.11112 TD
0.001 Tw
(nin, litotomi pozisyonunun, g\237n\237birlik cerrahinin ve y\237ksek li)Tj
24.64188 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64188 -1.11111 TD
0 Tw
(dokain dozlar\335n\335n en \232nemli risk fakt\232rleri oldu\333unu g\232sterdi. )Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.011 Tc
0.114 Tw
(Bulgular\335m\335z GNS\325nin lidokain spinal anestezisinden sonra)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.096 Tw
(s\335kl\335kla meydana geldi\333ini, ancak bupivakain kullan\335ld\335\333\335nda)Tj
T*
0.017 Tc
0.108 Tw
(ise daha nadiren geli\337ti\333ini g\232stermi\337tir. Bununla birlikte,)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.053 Tw
(obezite, litotomi pozisyonu ve erken mobilizasyon gibi fakt\232r-)Tj
T*
0.017 Tw
(ler spinal lidokaine ba\333l\335 GNS geli\337imini potansiyalize etmek-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(tedir.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 57.6927 290.4056 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.047 Tw
(Anahtar kelimeler:)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 131.5363 290.4056 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.047 Tw
(Spinal anestezi, lidokain, bupivakain, n\232-)Tj
-8.20484 -1.11111 TD
0 Tw
(rolojik komplikasyonlar)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 275.229 226.771 333.212 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 401.2058 600.3946 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(SUMMARY)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 313.959 580.3947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: The)Tj
3.23681 -1.11111 TD
(e)Tj
0.44385 0.00001 TD
(valuation of incidence and etiologic factors)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 312.8108 550.3947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.017 Tc
0.108 Tw
(Recent studies suggest that transient neurologic symptoms)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.009 Tc
0.116 Tw
((TNS) commonly follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Howe)Tj
24.64195 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-24.64195 -1.11112 TD
0.105 Tw
(ver, information about factors that affect their occurrence is)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.067 Tw
(still limited. Our aim for this prospective study was to evalu-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(ate potential risk factors related with TNS. )Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.018 Tc
0.107 Tw
(During an 18-month period, 648 patients were studied, of)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.041 Tw
(whom 40 % received lidocaine and 60 % bupivacaine. Spinal)Tj
T*
0.102 Tw
(anesthesia was performed with 22 G Quincke spinal needles)Tj
T*
0.017 Tc
0.108 Tw
(for patients older than 60 years old and 25 G Quincke or)Tj
T*
0.008 Tc
0.117 Tw
(Sprotte spinal needles for younger patients. For short term)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0 Tc
0.065 Tw
(operations 20-80 mg 2 % isobaric lidocaine or for long term)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(operations 5-15 mg 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine was pre)Tj
24.64171 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-24.64171 -1.11111 TD
0.001 Tw
(ferred respectively. TNS developed in 24 % of patients in lido-)Tj
T*
0.078 Tw
(caine spinal anesthesia and 0.5 % of patients in bupivacaine)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.088 Tw
(spinal anesthesia. Our data also identified obesity, lithotomy)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.032 Tw
(position, out-patient status, and higher lidocaine doses as im)Tj
24.64188 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64188 -1.11111 TD
0 Tw
(portant risk factors in patients received lidocaine. )Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.08 Tw
(Our results implied that transient neurologic symptoms com)Tj
24.64186 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64186 -1.11111 TD
0.012 Tc
0.113 Tw
(monly follow lidocaine spinal anesthesia but are relatively)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.071 Tw
(uncommon with bupivacaine. Obesity, lithotomy position and)Tj
T*
0.108 Tw
(early mobilization may also augment TNS induced by spinal)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(lidocaine.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 312.8108 290.3946 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.057 Tw
(Key words:)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 357.326 290.3946 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.057 Tw
(Spinal anesthesia, lidocaine, bupivacaine, neuro)Tj
19.69573 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64186 -1.11112 TD
0 Tw
(logical complications)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 133.567 m
538.583 133.567 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 119.055 481.89 10.174 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 121.9651 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Uluda\333 \206niversitesi T\335p Fak\237ltesi Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Anabilim Dal\335, Uz. Dr.*, Prof. Dr.**)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 748.731 m
538.582 748.731 l
S
56.693 771.024 m
538.582 771.024 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 139.55 226.772 106.773 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 237.4935 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.008 Tc
0.117 Tw
(Spinal anestezi; kolay, \215abuk uygulanan, ucuz ve g\237-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.043 Tc
0.081 Tw
(venli bir anestezi y\232ntemi olmakla birlikte, min\232r)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.102 Tw
(komplikasyonlar\335n s\335k g\232r\237lmesi en \232nemli dezavanta)Tj
22.14441 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.30001 TD
0 Tw
(j\335d\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 76.9674 201.1335 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((1,2))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 92.2916 198.4935 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(.)Tj
0.51103 0 Td
0 Tc
0.011 Tw
(Spinal anestezi sonras\335 en s\335k g\232r\237len kompli-)Tj
-3.9709 -1.3 TD
0.038 Tw
(kasyonlar; dura ponksiyonuna ba\333l\335 ba\337 a\333r\335s\335, bel a\333r\335-)Tj
T*
0.056 Tc
0.069 Tw
(s\335 ve ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlard\335r (GNS) )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 262.412 175.1336 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.056 Tc
0 Tw
((3,4))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 279.9646 172.4936 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
-22.22717 -1.3 TD
0.059 Tw
(Schneider ve ark. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 131.6351 162.1335 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((5))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 144.045 159.4935 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.059 Tw
(1990\325l\335 y\335llarda lidokain ile spinal)Tj
-8.63521 -1.3 TD
0.002 Tw
(anestezi sonras\335 geli\337en bel, kal\215a ve alt ekstremite a\333r\335-)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 139.55 226.772 106.781 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 312.811 237.5014 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.022 Tw
(s\335 ve dizestezi gibi semptomlar\335, ge\215ici radik\237ler irritas-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.016 Tw
(yon (GR\334) olarak tan\335mlam\335\337lard\335r. Ancak, ayn\335 klinikte)Tj
T*
0.013 Tc
0.112 Tw
(yap\335lan bir di\333er \215al\335\337mada Hampl ve ark. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 496.6082 214.1414 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.013 Tc
0 Tw
((6))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 506.2455 211.5014 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.013 Tc
(,)Tj
0.63789 0 Td
0 Tw
(semp-)Tj
-19.98134 -1.3 TD
0 Tc
0.07 Tw
(tomlar\335n radik\237ler karakteri olmad\335\333\335n\335 belirlemi\337ler ve)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(en uygun terimin GNS oldu\333unu \232ne s\237rm\237\337lerdir. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.101 Tw
(GNS, anestezinin etkisi tam olarak sonland\335ktan 24 ile)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.017 Tw
(72 saat sonra geli\337en, kal\335c\335 motor ve duyusal defisit ol)Tj
22.14441 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 753.403 481.89 13 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 757.5739 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.0999 Tc
(K)Tj
0.87792 0.00001 TD
0.1 Tc
0 Tw
(L\334N\334K ARA\336TIRMA )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 464.1929 757.5739 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.0999 Tc
(A)Tj
0.71088 0.00001 TD
0.1 Tc
0 Tw
(nesteziyoloji)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 262.2231 m
538.583 262.2231 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.698 789.197 112.276 10.173 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6976 792.4114 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G\232ztepe T\335p Dergisi 20: 1-6, 2005)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
530.661 95.168 7.922 9.714 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 531.6613 96.4236 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(1)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
470.556 788.1971 68.027 11.1729 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 471.5558 791.6577 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(ISSN 1300-526X)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
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<<
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>>
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/GS0 gs
q
0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
q
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 119.055 226.772 637.796 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 748.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.0002 Tc
(m)Tj
0.7782 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.125 Tw
(adan, genellikle bilateral olarak kal\215aya, uylu\333un \232n)Tj
-0.7782 -1.30001 TD
0.097 Tw
(ve arka y\237z\237ne yay\335labilen bel a\333r\335s\335 ve/veya dizestezi)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(i)Tj
0.2779 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.067 Tw
(le karakterizedir. A\333r\335 \215o\333unlukla, s\335zlama, yanma ve-)Tj
-0.2779 -1.30001 TD
0.009 Tc
0.116 Tw
(ya oyulma tarz\335nda ve hafif-orta derecededir, nadiren)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0 Tc
0.061 Tw
(\337iddetli de olabilir. Tipik olarak semptomlar 24-48 saat)Tj
T*
0.026 Tw
(i\215inde gerilemeye ba\337lar ve genellikle bir hafta i\215erisin-)Tj
T*
0.047 Tw
(de kal\335c\335 duyusal ve motor kay\335p veya sfinkter disfonk-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(siyonu geli\337meden tamamen ortadan kalkar )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 234.0162 659.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((7))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 243.3404 657.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
-18.56475 -2.6 TD
0.035 Tw
(GNS etiyolojinde rol oynayan fakt\232rleri belirlemek i\215in)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(d\237zenlenen bir\215ok \215al\335\337mada lidokain konsantrasyonu)Tj
T*
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(ve dozu, i\333ne tipi, cerrahi s\335ras\335ndaki pozisyon, hasta-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.121 Tw
(nede kal\335\337 s\237resi ve lokal anesteziklere eklenen \322addi-)Tj
T*
0.069 Tw
(tifler\323 ile GNS ili\337kisi ara\337t\335r\335lm\335\337t\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 208.0545 581.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((8-13))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 228.0408 579.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(.)Tj
0.56915 0 Td
0 Tc
0.069 Tw
(Bu \215al\335\337ma-)Tj
-17.60394 -1.3 TD
0.026 Tw
(larda, lokal anestezik se\215imi (lidokain), lokal anestezik-)Tj
T*
0.012 Tc
0.113 Tw
(lere vazokonstrikt\232rlerin eklenmesi, lokal anestezi\333in)Tj
T*
0.016 Tc
0.109 Tw
(beyin omurilik s\335v\335s\335ndaki (BOS) da\333\335l\335m bozuklu\333u)Tj
0 -1.30001 TD
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
((kalem u\215lu i\333neler), litotomi pozisyonu, cerrahi s\335ra-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
(s\335nda ekstremitelerin manip\237lasyonu ve erken mobili-)Tj
0 -1.30001 TD
0 Tc
0.053 Tw
(zasyon (g\237n\237birlik cerrahi) gibi fakt\232rlerin GNS geli\337i)Tj
22.1444 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.1444 -1.30001 TD
0.08 Tw
(minden sorumlu olabilece\333i bildirilmi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 228.0813 490.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((8-13))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 248.0676 488.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(.)Tj
0.57997 0 Td
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Ancak,)Tj
-19.61745 -1.3 TD
0.034 Tw
(GNS\325ye neden olan fakt\232rler halen kesin olarak belirle-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(nememi\337tir. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.101 Tw
(Son y\335llarda bir\215ok klinik, spinal anestezi sonras\335 geli)Tj
22.14442 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14442 -1.3 TD
0.002 Tw
(\337en GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 ve etiyolojisini belirlemek amac\335yla ge)Tj
22.1444 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.1444 -1.3 TD
0.03 Tw
(ni\337 olgu say\335lar\335 i\215eren \215al\335\337malar d\237zenlemektedir. \202a-)Tj
T*
0.008 Tw
(l\335\337mam\335zda, klini\333imizde spinal anestezi sonras\335 geli\337en)Tj
T*
0.002 Tw
(GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 ve etiyolojide rol oynayan potansiyel fak-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(t\232rleri prospektif olarak belirlemeyi ama\215lad\335k.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 345.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(MATERYAL ve METOD)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 57.6929 322.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.017 Tc
0.108 Tw
(Fak\237lte etik kurul onay\335 ve olgular\335n yaz\335l\335 izni al\335nd\335ktan)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0 Tc
0.03 Tw
(sonra, 01.01.2002- 01.06.2003 tarihleri aras\335nda ameliyathane)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.011 Tc
0.114 Tw
(\237nitesinde spinal anestezi uygulanan ve ASA s\335n\335flamas\335na)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.104 Tw
(g\232re I, II ve III risk grubuna giren olgular, prospektif olarak)Tj
T*
0.077 Tw
(ara\337t\335r\335lmak \237zere \215al\335\337maya dahil edildiler. \205nceden n\232rolo-)Tj
T*
0.05 Tw
(jik hastal\335\333\335 olan ve/veya kronik bel a\333r\335s\335 \337ikayeti olan olgu-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(lar \215al\335\337ma d\335\337\335 b\335rak\335ld\335.)Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.093 Tw
(Premedikasyon uygulanmadan ameliyathaneye al\335nan olgula)Tj
24.64186 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64186 -1.11112 TD
0.075 Tw
[(ra, noninvaziv arter kan bas\335nc\335, puls oksimetre ve EKG)-326(mo-)]TJ
0 -1.11111 TD
0.03 Tw
(nit\232rizasyonu uyguland\335. Periferik ven\232z kan\237lasyonu takiben)Tj
T*
0.122 Tw
(kristalloid s\335v\335 inf\237zyonu ba\337land\335. Operasyonun yerine g\232re)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.125 Tw
(olgulara, sa\333 veya sol lateral pozisyon veya oturur pozisyon)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.029 Tw
(verildi. Spinal anestezi giri\337im b\232lgesi i\215in steril ko\337ullar sa\333-)Tj
T*
0.004 Tw
(land\335ktan sonra, cilt ve cilt alt\335 dokusunun lokal anestezisi i\215in)Tj
T*
0.075 Tw
(1:200.000 adrenalin i\215eren 2 ml % 2 lidokain kullan\335ld\335. Kli-)Tj
T*
0.093 Tw
(ni\333imizin protokol\237ne uygun olarak, 60 ya\337 \237zerindeki olgu)Tj
24.64187 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64187 -1.11112 TD
0.11 Tw
(lar i\215in 22 G Quincke ve daha gen\215 olgular i\215in anestezistin)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.014 Tw
(tecr\237besine g\232re 25 G Sprotte veya Quincke spinal i\333ne tercih)Tj
T*
0.012 Tc
0.113 Tw
(edildi. Spinal anestezi L3-4 veya L4-5 aral\335\333\335ndan orta hat)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.075 Tw
(yakla\337\335m\335yla ger\215ekle\337tirildi. Spinal i\333nenin subaraknoid ara)Tj
24.64188 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 365.0551 226.772 391.796 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 312.811 748.804 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(l)Tj
0.27792 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.032 Tw
(\335kta oldu\333u BOS serbest ak\335\337\335n\335n g\232r\237lmesi ile do\333ruland\335 ve)Tj
-0.27792 -1.11111 TD
0.0087 Tc
(u)Tj
0.50873 0.00001 TD
0.009 Tc
0.116 Tw
(ygun dozda lokal anestezik sol\237syon enjekte edildi. Lokal)Tj
-0.50873 -1.11112 TD
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
(anestezik ajan se\215imi, lokal anestezik ajan\335n dozu ve spinal)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(sol\237syonun hacmi; hospitalizasyon s\237resi, operasyonun yeri)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.015 Tw
(ve s\237resi g\232z \232n\237ne al\335narak belirlendi. Spinal anestezide; kli-)Tj
T*
0.005 Tw
(ni\333imizde rutin olarak kullan\335lan izobarik % 2 lidokain \(20-80)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(mg\) veya hiperbarik % 0.5 bupivakain \(5-15 mg\) tercih edildi. )Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(G)Tj
0.7219 0.00001 TD
(NS)Tj
1.56667 0 Td
0 Tc
0.039 Tw
(geli\337mesi a\215\335s\335ndan potansiyel risk fakt\232rleri olabilecek,)Tj
-2.28857 -1.11112 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(o)Tj
0.49988 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.053 Tw
(lgular\335n demografik karakteristikleri, cerrahi giri\337im \232zellik-)Tj
-0.49988 -1.11111 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(l)Tj
0.27789 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.026 Tw
(eri ve spinal anestezinin giri\337imsel \232zellikleri ile ili\337kili para-)Tj
-0.27788 -1.11112 TD
0 Tw
(metreler; perioperatif d\232nemde kaydedildi (Tablo 1). )Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(G\237n\237birlik olgular hastaneden taburcu olmadan \232nce, yat\335r\335-)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(lan olgular ise operasyon ak\337am\335nda duyusal ve motor blo\333un)Tj
T*
0.095 Tw
(tam olarak geri d\232n\237\337\237 a\215\335s\335ndan de\333erlendirildiler. Postope-)Tj
T*
0.038 Tw
(ratif 1, 2, 3, 5 ve 7. g\237nlerde, yatan olgular yata\333\335nda y\237z y\237-)Tj
T*
0.069 Tw
(ze g\232r\237\337\237lerek, taburcu olan olgular ise telefonla g\232r\237\337\237lerek)Tj
T*
0.005 Tc
0.12 Tw
(GNS a\215\335s\335ndan sorguland\335lar. Postoperatif de\333erlendirmeler,)Tj
T*
0.023 Tc
0.102 Tw
(cerrahinin ve spinal anestezinin \232zelliklerini bilmeyen bir)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.075 Tw
(anestezist taraf\335ndan yap\335ld\335. Postoperatif de\333erlendirme s\335ra-)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.09 Tw
(s\335ndaki yanl\335\337 y\232nlendirilmeleri \232nlemek amac\335yla t\237m olgu-)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.018 Tc
0.107 Tw
(lara, standart olarak haz\335rlanan postoperatif de\333erlendirme)Tj
T*
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(formundaki sorular s\335ras\335yla y\232neltildi (Tablo 2). Olgularda)Tj
T*
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(spinal anesteziden 24-72 saat sonra geli\337en, motor kay\335p ol-)Tj
T*
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(madan kal\215a, uyluk veya t\237m bacakta lokalize a\333r\335 ve/veya)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
(dizestezi gibi semptomlar GNS olarak de\333erlendirildi. GNS)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0 Tc
0.002 Tw
(geli\337en olgular, hastaneye yat\335r\335larak semptomlar\335n klinik sey)Tj
24.64186 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64186 -1.11111 TD
0.041 Tw
(ri a\215\335s\335ndan izlendiler. Bu olgularda semptomlar\335n s\237resi, \337id-)Tj
T*
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(deti ve ortaya \215\335kt\335\333\335 b\232lgeler kaydedildi. \334ki haftadan uzun)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.028 Tw
(s\237ren veya motor kay\335p g\232r\237len GNS (+) olgular, n\232roloji uz-)Tj
T*
0.082 Tw
(man doktoru taraf\335ndan ileri tetkik ve tedavi amac\335yla de\333er)Tj
24.64188 0 TD
(-)Tj
-24.64188 -1.11112 TD
0 Tw
(lendirildiler.)Tj
0 -2.22222 TD
0.065 Tw
(Lidokain ve bupivakain spinal anestezisine ba\333l\335 GNS s\335kl\335k-)Tj
0 -1.11112 TD
0.066 Tw
(lar\335n\335n kar\337\335la\337t\335r\335lmas\335nda, Fischer\325in kesin olas\335l\335k testi kul-)Tj
0 -1.11111 TD
0.019 Tc
0.105 Tw
(lan\335ld\335. Lidokain spinal anestezisi sonras\335 geli\337en GNS ile)Tj
T*
0.011 Tc
0.114 Tw
(Tablo 1\325de listelenen risk fakt\232rlerinin ili\337kisini ara\337t\335rmak)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.069 Tw
(amac\335yla Binary lojistik regresyon testi kullan\335ld\335. Veriler ol)Tj
24.64188 0 TD
(-)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.811 326.4211 m
538.581 326.4211 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 143.893 226.772 178.181 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 314.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(A-)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 321.2485 314.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Olgular\335n demografik karakteristikleri )Tj
-0.30469 -1.25 TD
(Ya\337 (y\335l))Tj
T*
(Cinsiyet (Erkek/Kad\335n))Tj
T*
(V\237cut k\237tle indeksi \(kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
4 0 0 4 402.3481 287.9358 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(-2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 405.6792 284.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(\))Tj
-10.85852 -1.25 TD
0 Tw
(ASA s\335n\335f\335 (I, II, III))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 264.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(B-)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 320.8091 264.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Cerrahi giri\337imin \232zellikleri)Tj
-0.24976 -1.25 TD
(Operasyon s\237resi (saat))Tj
T*
(Cerrahi s\335ras\335nda pozisyon (litotomi, supin, pron))Tj
T*
(Hospitalizasyon s\237resi (g\237n\237birlik veya yat\335r\335lan olgular))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 224.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(C-)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 321.2485 224.8108 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal anestezinin giri\337imsel \232zellikleri)Tj
-0.30469 -1.25 TD
(Spinal i\333ne tipi (Quincke, Sprotte) )Tj
T*
(Spinal i\333ne \215ap\335 (22 veya 25 G))Tj
T*
(Giri\337im seviyesi (L3-4, L4-5) )Tj
T*
(Giri\337im s\335ras\335nda hasta pozisyonu (oturur, lateral))Tj
T*
(Giri\337imde zorluk ( >1 giri\337im say\335s\335))Tj
T*
(Giri\337im s\335ras\335nda parestezi )Tj
T*
(Lokal anestezik ajan dozlar\335)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 327.719 226.772 22.006 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 342.7579 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(Tablo 1. Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar i\215in ara\337t\335r\335lan potansiyel)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(risk fakt\232rleri.)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.812 143.617 m
538.583 143.617 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 119.055 226.772 19.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 131.435 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.075 Tc
0.335 Tw
(ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists \(Amerikan)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Anesteziyoloji Derne\333i\))Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
426.306 789.197 112.277 10.173 re
f
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 427.3059 792.4114 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(G\232ztepe T\335p Dergisi 20: 1-6, 2005)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.698 95.168 7.921 9.714 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6976 96.4236 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(2)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/Length 17200
>>
stream
/GS0 gs
q
0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
q
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 317.481 226.772 439.37 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 57.6929 748.804 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(g)Tj
0.4999 0.00001 TD
(u)Tj
0.77443 0 Td
0 Tc
0.025 Tw
(say\335s\335 (%) olarak verildi. P<0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlam-)Tj
-1.27434 -1.11111 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(l)Tj
0.27792 0.00001 TD
Tj
0.52784 0 Td
0 Tc
0 Tw
(kabul edildi. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 712.804 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(BULGULAR)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 686.804 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.113 Tw
(\202al\335\337ma s\237resi i\215erisinde 1055 olgu spinal anestezi al-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.05 Tw
(t\335nda opere edildi. Bu olgular\335n 785\325i yaz\335l\335 onay al\335na-)Tj
T*
0.022 Tw
(rak \215al\335\337maya dahil edildi. \202al\335\337maya dahil edilen olgu-)Tj
T*
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(lar\335n 648\325i (% 82) ile postoperatif d\232nemde g\232r\237\337\237le-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.073 Tw
(rek, GNS konusunda bilgi al\335nd\335. Postoperatif bilgi al\335-)Tj
T*
0.092 Tw
(namayan olgular ise istatistiksel de\333erlendirmelerin d\335-)Tj
0 -1.30001 TD
0.067 Tw
(\337\335nda b\335rak\335ld\335. \334statistiksel de\333erlendirmeye dahil edi-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.061 Tw
(len 648 olgunun 390\325\335nda (% 60) bupivakain, 258\325inde)Tj
T*
0.125 Tw
((% 40) lidokain ile spinal anestezi uyguland\335. Bupiva-)Tj
T*
0.057 Tw
(kain ve lidokain ile spinal anestezi uygulanan olgular\335n)Tj
T*
0.086 Tw
(demografik verileri, cerrahi giri\337im \232zellikleri ve anes-)Tj
T*
0.072 Tw
(tezinin giri\337imsel \232zellikleri ile ilgili parametreler Tab-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(lo 3\325de sunuldu.)Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.118 Tw
(T\237m olgularda operasyon ak\337am\335na kadar spinal anes-)Tj
0 -1.30001 TD
0.026 Tw
(teziye ba\333l\335 duyusal ve motor blok tam olarak geri d\232n-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.038 Tc
0.087 Tw
(d\237. Lidokain spinal anestezisi uygulanan olgular\335n)Tj
T*
0.028 Tc
0.097 Tw
(63\325\237nde ve bupivakain uygulanan olgular\335n 2\325sinde)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.005 Tw
(GNS geli\337ti. Bu GNS s\335kl\335klar\335 istatistiksel olarak kar\337\335-)Tj
T*
0.003 Tc
0.122 Tw
(la\337t\335r\335ld\335\333\335nda, ileri derecede anlaml\335 farkl\335l\335k bulundu)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.014 Tw
((p<0.0001). GNS geli\337en 65 olgunun 55\325inde semptom)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.3 TD
0.042 Tw
(lar 3 g\237nden daha az s\237rd\237 ve bu di\333er g\237nlere g\232re is-)Tj
T*
0.024 Tw
(tatistiksel olarak anlaml\335 idi (p<0.0001). Sadece 2 olgu-)Tj
T*
0.024 Tc
0.101 Tw
(da semptomlar 5 g\237nden daha uzun s\237re devam etti)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.037 Tw
((Tablo 4). GNS geli\337en olgular\335n % 86\325s\335nda semptom)Tj
22.1444 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.1444 -1.3 TD
0.002 Tc
0.122 Tw
(lar\335n bilateral oldu\333u ve en s\335k kal\215a ve uylu\333un arka)Tj
T*
0.012 Tc
0.113 Tw
(b\232lgesinde g\232r\237ld\237\333\237 belirlendi. Olgular\335n hi\215birinde)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.124 Tw
(kal\335c\335 motor ve duyusal kay\335p veya sfinkter disfonksi-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(yonu saptanmad\335.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 119.055 226.772 155.5661 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 312.811 265.7914 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.091 Tw
(Bupivakain spinal anestezisi uygulanan olgular\335n sade-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.029 Tw
(ce 2\325sinde GNS geli\337mesi nedeniyle, bu olgularda GNS)Tj
T*
0.01 Tw
(s\335kl\335\333\335 ile potansiyel risk fakt\232rleri aras\335ndaki ili\337ki ista-)Tj
T*
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
(tistiksel olarak (Binary lojistik regresyon testi) de\333er-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(lendirilemedi. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.038 Tw
(Lidokain uygulanan olgular\335n demografik karakteristik-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.029 Tw
(leri ile GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 aras\335ndaki ili\337ki Tablo 5\325te sunuldu.)Tj
T*
0.016 Tc
0.108 Tw
(Lidokain spinal anestezisi uygulanan olgularda; a\337\335r\335)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.101 Tw
(\337i\337manl\335k \(v\237cut k\237tle indeksi >30 kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 480.0284 151.4314 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(-2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 486.6905 148.7915 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(\))Tj
0.68352 0 Td
0 Tc
0.101 Tw
(GNS s\335kl\335-)Tj
-18.07147 -1.3 TD
0.103 Tw
(\333\335ndaki art\335\337 ile ili\337kili olarak bulundu (p<0.05). Lido)Tj
22.14441 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.30001 TD
0.016 Tc
0.109 Tw
(kain uygulanan olgularda; ya\337 \(p>0.05\), cinsiyet \(p>)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 291.354 m
283.463 291.354 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 117.1651 226.772 169.843 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 279.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(1)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 279.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(1)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 279.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 279.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.48 279.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.573 279.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.005 Tc
0 Tw
(V\237cudunuzun herhangi bir yerinde a\333r\335 veya de\333i\337ik bir his var m\335?)Tj
0.01499 -1.25 TD
0 Tc
(Evet )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 82.3531 269.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 96.4488 269.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hay\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.6597 269.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 259.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(2)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 259.92 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(2)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.56 259.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.56 259.92 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.36 259.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.453 259.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.01 Tc
0 Tw
(A\333r\335 veya de\333i\337ik bir his varsa, cerrahi b\232lgeden ba\337ka bir yerde mi?)Tj
0.02999 -1.25 TD
0 Tc
(Evet )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 82.3531 249.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 96.4488 249.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hay\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.6597 249.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 239.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(3)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 239.88 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(3)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 239.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 239.88 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.6 239.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 239.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Semptomlar\335n karakteristi\333i nedir?)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Yanma )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 90.7925 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 104.8882 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Kar\335ncalanma )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 151.7476 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 165.8433 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Uyu\337ukluk )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 202.9527 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 217.0484 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hipoestezi )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 253.2554 229.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 219.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(4)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 219.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(4)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 219.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 219.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.6 219.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 219.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Semptomlar\335n lokalizasyonu nerededir?)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Kal\215a )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 86.3433 209.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 100.439 209.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Uylu\333un \232n\237 )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 144.4371 209.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 160.5328 209.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Uylu\333un arkas\335 )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 211.6285 209.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Diz alt\335 )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 91.4605 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 105.5562 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Tek tarafl\335 )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 141.0874 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 155.1831 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Bilateral )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 184.7242 199.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 189.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Giri\337im b\232lgesinde )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 128.7906 189.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 179.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(5)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 179.88 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(5)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 179.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 179.88 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.6 179.88 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 179.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Daha \232nce b\232yle bir a\333r\335ya veya de\333i\337ik hisse maruz kald\335n\335z m\335?)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Evet )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 82.3531 169.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 96.4488 169.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hay\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.6597 169.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 159.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(6)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 159.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(6)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.56 159.84 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.56 159.84 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 159.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(\334drar yapmada veya defekasyonda zorluk var m\335?)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Evet )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 82.3531 149.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 96.4488 149.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hay\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.6597 149.7438 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 139.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(7)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.84 139.92 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(7)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 139.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 61.68 139.92 Tm
1 Tr
0 0 0 1 K
(.)Tj
ET
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 63.6 139.92 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
( )Tj
ET
q
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 0.24 w
0 0 0 1 K
S
Q
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 65.6929 139.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Kas g\237\215s\237zl\237\333\237n\237z var m\335?)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Evet )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 82.3531 129.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 96.4488 129.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hay\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.6597 129.7439 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(o)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 292.6521 226.772 13.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 299.0243 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Tablo 2. Postoperatif de\333erlendirme formundaki sorular\335n listesi.)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.694 115.555 m
283.465 115.555 l
S
311.811 742.2141 m
538.581 742.2141 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 310.395 114.719 427.505 re
f
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 700.6364 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(Ya\337)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 690.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(<50 y\335l)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(\26350 y\335l)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 670.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Cinsiyet)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 660.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Erkek)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Kad\335n)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 640.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V\237cut k\237tle indeksi )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 630.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(<30 kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
4 0 0 4 349.5454 633.7615 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(-2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 620.6365 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(>30 kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
4 0 0 4 349.5454 623.7614 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(-2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 610.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(ASA)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 600.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(I)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
0 Tw
(II ve III)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 580.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Hospitalizasyon s\237resi )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 570.6365 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G\237n\237birlik)Tj
0 -1.25001 TD
(Yat\335r\335lan)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 550.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Operasyonun s\237resi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 540.6365 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(0-2 saat)Tj
0 -1.25001 TD
(>2 saat)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 520.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Cerrahi pozisyon)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 510.6365 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Litotomi)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Non-litotomi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 490.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal i\333ne tipi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 480.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Quincke)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Sprotte)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 460.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal i\333ne \215ap\335)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 450.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(22 G)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(25 G)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 430.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(SA giri\337im seviyesi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 420.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(L3-4)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(L4-5)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 400.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(SA i\215in pozisyon)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 390.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Oturur)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Lateral)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 370.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(SA s\335ras\335nda zorluk (>1 deneme) )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 360.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Evet)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Hay\335r)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 340.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(SA s\335ras\335nda parestezi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 330.6364 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Evet)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Hay\335r)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 743.5121 226.772 13.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 749.8839 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Tablo 3. Olgular\335n karakteristik \232zellikleri.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
441.556 310.3811 42.321 427.506 re
f
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 447.155 730.9202 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(Lidokain)Tj
0.29956 -1.25 TD
((n=258))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 445.7234 690.9201 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(155 (%60))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(103 (%40))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(163 (%63))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(95 (%37))Tj
-0.25 -2.5 TD
(201 (%78))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(57 (%22))Tj
0.125 -2.5 TD
(57 (%23))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(201 (%77))Tj
0.125 -2.5 TD
(186 (%72))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(72 (%28))Tj
-0.375 -2.5 TD
(253 (%98))Tj
0.875 -1.25 TD
(5 (%2))Tj
-0.5 -2.5 TD
(84 (%33))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(174 (%67))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(222 (%86))Tj
0.375 -1.25 TD
(36 (%14))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(87 (%34))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(171 (%66))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(197 (%76))Tj
0.375 -1.25 TD
(61 (%24))Tj
-0.375 -2.5 TD
(126 (%49))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(132 (%51))Tj
0.375 -2.5 TD
(67 (%26))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(191 (%74))Tj
0.375 -2.5 TD
(38 (%14))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(220 (%86))Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
496.063 310.3811 42.52 427.506 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 497.5377 730.9202 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Bupivakain)Tj
0.82751 -1.25 TD
((n=390))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 500.3297 690.9201 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(214 (%54))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(176 (%46))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(226 (%58))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(164 (%42))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(289 (%74))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(101 (%26))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(101 (%26))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(289 (%74))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(178 (%46))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(212 (%54))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(355 (%92))Tj
0.5 -1.25 TD
(35 (%8))Tj
-0.125 -2.5 TD
(84 (%22))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(306 (%78))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(328 (%84))Tj
0.375 -1.25 TD
(62 (%16))Tj
-0.375 -2.5 TD
(124 (%32))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(266 (%68))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(310 (%79))Tj
0.375 -1.25 TD
(80 (%21))Tj
-0.375 -2.5 TD
(225 (%57))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(165 (%43))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(113 (%29))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(277 (%71))Tj
0.375 -2.5 TD
(66 (%17))Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(324 (%83))Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.811 714.557 m
538.581 714.557 l
S
311.811 309.89 m
538.581 309.89 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 285.292 226.772 21.2671 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 299.2956 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(Veriler olgu say\335s\335 (%) olarak verilmi\337tir.)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(SA: Spinal anestezi)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 789.197 481.89 10.173 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 792.4114 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G. T\237rker ve ark., Spinal anestezi sonras\335 ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar: S\335kl\335\333\335n ve etyolojik fakt\232rlerin de\333erlendirilmesi)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
530.657 95.168 7.9211 9.714 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 531.6566 96.4236 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(3)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Length 13243
>>
stream
/GS0 gs
q
0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
q
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 119.055 226.772 470.4521 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 580.6772 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.011 Tw
(0.05\) ve ASA s\335n\335f\335 \(p>0.05\) ile GNS aras\335nda herhangi)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0 Tw
(bir ili\337ki belirlenmedi. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.003 Tw
(Lidokain uygulanan olgularda; cerrahi giri\337im \232zellikle-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.092 Tw
(ri ile GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 aras\335ndaki ili\337ki Tablo 6\325da sunuldu.)Tj
T*
0.001 Tw
(Lidokain spinal anestezisinde; g\237n\237birlik cerrahinin \(p<)Tj
0 -1.30001 TD
0.022 Tc
0.103 Tw
(0.01\) ve litotomi pozisyonunun \(p<0.0001\) GNS ile)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.024 Tc
0.101 Tw
(ili\337kili oldu\333u bulundu. Ancak, operasyon s\237resi ile)Tj
T*
0.016 Tc
0.109 Tw
(GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 aras\335nda herhangi bir ili\337ki belirlenmedi)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.09 Tw
((p>0.05). Lidokain uygulanan olgularda; spinal aneste)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.3 TD
0.013 Tc
0.112 Tw
(zinin giri\337imsel \232zellikleri ile GNS )Tj
15.28565 0 TD
0 Tw
<73DD6B6CDDDBDD>Tj
2.96598 0 TD
(aras\335ndaki)Tj
-18.25163 -1.30001 TD
0 Tc
0.122 Tw
(ili\337ki Tablo 7\325de sunuldu. Lidokain spinal anestezisin-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.017 Tw
(de; spinal i\333ne tipi (p>0.05), i\333ne \215ap\335 (p>0.05), giri\337im)Tj
T*
0.089 Tw
(seviyesi (p>0.05), spinal anestezi i\215in verilen pozisyon)Tj
T*
0.092 Tw
((p>0.05), giri\337imsel zorluk (p>0.05) ve giri\337im s\335ras\335n)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.3 TD
0.003 Tc
0.122 Tw
(da parestezi hissedilmesi (p>0.05) gibi potansiyel risk)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.076 Tw
(fakt\232rlerinin GNS ile ili\337kisi olmad\335\333\335 belirlendi. Lido)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.3 TD
0.038 Tw
(kain dozunun \26350 mg olmas\335n\335n, GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 anlaml\335)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(olarak art\335rd\335\333\335 bulundu (p<0.01). )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 320.6772 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(TARTI\336MA)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 294.6772 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.016 Tw
(GNS etyolojisi halen kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.097 Tw
(en \215ok lokal anestezik toksisitesi ile ili\337kili olabilece\333i)Tj
T*
0.006 Tc
0.118 Tw
(d\237\337\237n\237lmektedir. \202al\335\337malar, lokal anesteziklerden li-)Tj
T*
0.002 Tc
0.122 Tw
(dokainin GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 belirgin olarak art\335rd\335\333\335n\335 g\232s-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(termi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 94.6907 245.3173 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((14,15))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 118.015 242.6772 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.062 Tw
(. Spinal i\333nenin direkt travmas\335, perope)Tj
16.11219 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.1444 -1.30001 TD
0.042 Tw
(ratif uygulanan cerrahi manip\237lasyonlar, hasta pozisyo-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.124 Tw
(nu (litotomi), lokal anestezik ajanlar\335n maldistrib\237syo-)Tj
T*
0.025 Tw
(nu, lokal anestezik ajana glukoz eklenmesi, miyofasiyal)Tj
T*
0.057 Tw
(tetik noktalar ve erken mobilizasyon gibi fakt\232rlerin de)Tj
T*
0.035 Tc
0.09 Tw
(GNS etyolojisinde rol oynayabilece\333i bildirilmi\337tir)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 167.3173 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((9,16,17))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 87.0171 164.6772 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(. )Tj
-2.93242 -2.6 TD
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(Daha \232nceleri lidokain konsantrasyonunun GNS s\335kl\335-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.006 Tc
0.119 Tw
(\333\335nda \232nemli bir fakt\232r oldu\333u d\237\337\237n\237lmekteydi. An)Tj
22.14435 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 119.055 226.772 169.129 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 312.811 279.3544 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.114 Tw
(cak, daha sonraki \215al\335\337malarda, lidokain konsantrasyo-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.01 Tc
0.115 Tw
(nunun % 5\325ten % 2\325ye d\237\337\237r\237lmesinin GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.055 Tw
(belirgin olarak azaltmad\335\333\335 g\232sterilmi\337 )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 472.1814 255.9944 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((8,10))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 494.5569 253.3545 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.055 Tw
(ve % 1 gi-)Tj
-18.17459 -1.3 TD
0.014 Tc
0.111 Tw
(bi d\237\337\237k konsantrasyonlarda bile benzer GNS s\335kl\335\333\335)Tj
T*
0.001 Tc
0 Tw
(bildirilmi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 367.3314 229.9944 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.001 Tc
0 Tw
((18))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 380.7062 227.3544 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(. GNS geli\337iminde lidokainli sol\237syo-)Tj
-6.78952 -1.3 TD
0 Tc
0.108 Tw
(nun konsantrasyonundan ziyade, lidokainin BOS i\215eri)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.30001 TD
0.008 Tw
(sindeki konsantrasyonu rol oynamaktad\335r. BOS i\215indeki)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.085 Tw
[(lidokain konsantrasyonunu azaltman\335n en iyi yolu,)-335(spi-)]TJ
T*
0.034 Tw
(nal aral\335\333a verilen toplam lidokain dozunun d\237\337\237r\237lme)Tj
22.14441 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.30001 TD
0.025 Tw
(sidir. G\237n\237birlik cerrahide yap\335lan bir \215al\335\337mada, spinal)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.074 Tw
(anestezi i\215in lidokain dozunun 50 mg\325dan 20 mg\325a d\237-)Tj
T*
0.012 Tc
0.113 Tw
(\337\237r\237lmesi, GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 % 36.7\325den % 3.6\325ya kadar)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(azaltm\335\337t\335r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 357.9501 125.9944 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((19))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 371.2744 123.3544 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.044 Tw
(. \202al\335\337mam\335zda, 50 mg\325\335n alt\335nda lidoka-)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 734.2141 m
283.463 734.2141 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 653.386 72.772 76.536 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 692.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Semptomlar\335n s\237resi)Tj
0.75 -1.25 TD
(<3 g\237n )Tj
T*
(3-5 g\237n)Tj
T*
(>5 g\237n)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 735.512 226.772 21.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 749.8839 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.086 Tw
(Tablo 4. Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar\335n geli\337ti\333i olgularda semp-)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(tomlar\335n s\237resi.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
190.693 653.386 92.772 76.536 re
f
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 209.693 722.9547 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(GNS (+) olgular )Tj
2.02759 -1.25 TD
((n=65))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 218.0856 682.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(55 (% 85) * )Tj
0.625 -1.25 TD
(8 (% 12))Tj
0.375 -1.25 TD
(2 (% 3))Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 704.8901 m
283.463 704.8901 l
S
56.693 652.89 m
283.463 652.89 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 609.923 226.772 37.268 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 640.2316 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.057 Tw
(*P<0.0001, <3 g\237n ile di\333er iki s\237re (3-5 g\237n ve >5 g\237n) kar\337\335la\337t\335-)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(r\335ld\335\333\335ndaki istatistiksel anlaml\335l\335k (Fisher\325in kesin olas\335l\335k testi).)Tj
T*
(Veriler olgu say\335s\335 (%) olarak verilmi\337tir.)Tj
T*
(GNS: Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar.)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.811 734.2141 m
538.581 734.2141 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 554.173 69.365 175.749 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 672.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Ya\337)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 662.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(<50 y\335l)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(\26350 y\335l)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 642.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Cinsiyet)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 632.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Erkek)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Kad\335n)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 612.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(V\237cut k\237tle indeksi )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 602.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(\26330 kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
7 0 0 7 349.4243 604.9678 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0002 Tc
(-)Tj
0.33276 0.00001 TD
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 592.6579 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(>30 kg m)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
7 0 0 7 349.5454 594.9679 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0002 Tc
(-)Tj
0.33276 0.00001 TD
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 582.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(ASA)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 572.6578 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(I)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
0 Tw
(II ve III)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 735.512 226.772 21.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 749.8839 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.033 Tc
0.092 Tw
(Tablo 5. Lidokain spinal anestezisinde olgular\335n demografik)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tc
0 Tw
(karakteristikleri ile ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar aras\335ndaki ili\337ki.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 511.57 226.772 37.475 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 542.0859 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Veriler olgu say\335s\335 (%) olarak verilmi\337tir.)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(GNS: Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar.)Tj
T*
0.036 Tw
(ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists \(Amerikan Anesteziyoloji)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(Derne\333i\).)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
384.832 554.173 50.869 175.749 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 394.7049 722.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Lidokain)Tj
0.17468 -1.25 TD
(GNS (+) )Tj
0.2428 -1.25 TD
(olgular)Tj
0.13209 -1.25 TD
((n=63))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 387.1619 662.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(41/155 (% 26))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(22/103 (% 21))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(35/163 (% 21))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(28/95 (% 29))Tj
-0.125 -2.5 TD
(43/201 (% 21))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(20/57 (% 35) )Tj
-0.125 -2.5 TD
(15/57 (% 26))Tj
-0.25 -1.25 TD
(48/201 (% 24))Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
440.215 554.173 21.013 175.749 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 441.6075 722.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Odds)Tj
-0.02698 -1.25 TD
(Ratio)Tj
0.08362 -1.25 TD
((OR))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 445.7218 672.9548 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1.0)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(1.4)Tj
T*
(2.2)Tj
T*
(1.2)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
465.882 554.173 41.354 175.749 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 477.559 722.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(% 95)Tj
-1.29089 -1.25 TD
(Confidence)Tj
0.69434 -1.25 TD
(Interval)Tj
0.83338 -1.25 TD
((CI))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 475.228 672.9548 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(0.5-1.6)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(0.7-1.8)Tj
T*
(1.6-3.1)Tj
T*
(0.8-1.6)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
510.982 554.173 27.601 175.749 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 522.3388 722.9547 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P )Tj
-1.02723 -1.25 TD
(de\333eri)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 513.3026 672.9548 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P>0.05)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(P>0.05)Tj
0.125 -3.75 TD
(P<0.05)Tj
-0.125 -3.75 TD
(P>0.05)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.811 553.223 m
538.581 553.223 l
S
311.811 685.89 m
538.581 685.89 l
S
311.811 472.093 m
538.581 472.093 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 320.399 72.698 147.402 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 410.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Hospitalizasyon s\237resi )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 400.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G\237n\237birlik)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Yat\335r\335lan)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 380.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Operasyonun s\237resi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 370.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(0-2 saat)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(>2 saat)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 350.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Cerrahi pozisyon )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 318.811 340.5371 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Litotomi )Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Non-litotomi)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 473.3911 226.772 21.339 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 487.7631 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.102 Tw
(Tablo 6. Lidokain spinal anestezisinde cerrahi giri\337im \232zellikleri)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(ile ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar aras\335ndaki ili\337ki.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 295.4571 226.772 20.467 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 308.9652 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Veriler olgu say\335s\335 (%) olarak verilmi\337tir)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(GNS: Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
386.832 320.399 48.869 147.402 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 395.7049 460.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Lidokain)Tj
0.17467 -1.25 TD
(GNS (+) )Tj
0.24281 -1.25 TD
(olgular)Tj
0.13208 -1.25 TD
((n=63))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 388.1619 400.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(54/186 (% 29))Tj
0.625 -1.25 TD
(9/72 (% 12))Tj
-0.625 -2.5 TD
(62/253 (% 24))Tj
0.875 -1.25 TD
(1/5 (% 20))Tj
-0.5 -2.5 TD
(42/84 (% 50) )Tj
-0.375 -1.25 TD
(21/174 (% 12))Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
438.215 320.399 21.013 147.402 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 439.6075 460.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Odds)Tj
-0.02698 -1.25 TD
(Ratio)Tj
0.08361 -1.25 TD
(\(OR)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 454.7208 440.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(\))Tj
-1.37487 -3.75 TD
0 Tw
(2.5)Tj
T*
(1.4)Tj
T*
(4.1)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
460.882 320.399 40.688 147.402 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 472.2257 460.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(% 95)Tj
-1.29089 -1.25 TD
(Confidence)Tj
0.69433 -1.25 TD
(Interval)Tj
0.83338 -1.25 TD
((CI))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 469.8946 410.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(1.4-4.9)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(0.6-2.1)Tj
-0.25 -3.75 TD
(2.3-7.43)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
504.567 320.399 34.016 147.402 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 519.1314 460.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P )Tj
-1.02722 -1.25 TD
(de\333eri)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 510.0953 410.834 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P<0.01)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(P>0.05)Tj
-0.5 -3.75 TD
(P<0.0001)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
311.811 320.1031 m
538.581 320.1031 l
S
311.811 423.769 m
538.581 423.769 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
426.301 789.197 112.277 10.173 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 427.3012 792.4114 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G\232ztepe T\335p Dergisi 20: 1-6, 2005)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 95.168 7.921 9.714 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 96.4236 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(4)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 12715
>>
stream
/GS0 gs
q
0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
q
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 119.055 226.772 287.948 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 398.1733 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.066 Tw
(in dozlar\335n\335n kullan\335ld\335\333\335 olgularda, GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 olduk-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0 Tw
(\215a d\237\337\237k olarak bulundu. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.097 Tw
(GNS ile litotomi pozisyonu aras\335ndaki ili\337ki kesin ola-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.041 Tw
(rak bilinmemekle birlikte, litotomi pozisyonunda kauda)Tj
T*
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(ekuinan\335n gerilmesi sonucu doku perf\237zyonunun azal-)Tj
T*
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(mas\335 ve sinir liflerinin duyarl\335l\335\333\335n\335n artmas\335, lidokain)Tj
T*
0.005 Tc
0.119 Tw
(toksisitesini art\335ran nedenler olabilir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 211.8634 309.8133 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.005 Tc
0 Tw
((5))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 221.3213 307.1733 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.005 Tc
0.119 Tw
(. Daha sonraki)Tj
-16.36284 -1.3 TD
0 Tc
0.085 Tw
(klinik bir \215al\335\337mada, litotomi pozisyonunda cerrahi ge-)Tj
T*
0.005 Tc
0.12 Tw
(\215iren olgularda lidokain ile spinal anestezi uyguland\335)Tj
22.14429 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-22.14429 -1.30001 TD
0.011 Tw
(\333\335nda y\237ksek oranda GNS geli\337mesi, yukar\335daki hipote-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.097 Tw
(zi klinik olarak desteklemi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 183.1914 257.8133 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((13))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 196.5157 255.1733 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.097 Tw
(. Bununla birlikte, in)Tj
-13.88228 -1.3 TD
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(vitro ve in vivo deneysel \215al\335\337malarda, litotomi pozis-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.12 Tw
(yonunun lidokainin n\232rotoksik potansiyelini bupivaka-)Tj
T*
0.093 Tw
(ine g\232re daha fazla art\335rd\335\333\335 bildirilmi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 229.326 218.8133 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((20,21))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 252.6502 216.1733 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.093 Tw
<2E2082616CDDDF2D>Tj
-19.49573 -1.3 TD
0.03 Tw
(mam\335zda da, litotomi pozisyonunun lidokain uygulanan)Tj
T*
0.109 Tw
(olgularda GNS i\215in \232nemli bir risk fakt\232r\237 oldu\333u be-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(lirlendi. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.065 Tw
(Lidokain ile sa\333lanan spinal anestezi alt\335nda herni ona-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.104 Tw
(r\335m\335 ge\215iren olgularda GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335n, diz artroskopisi)Tj
T*
0.034 Tw
(uygulanan olgulara g\232re daha d\237\337\237k oldu\333u bildirilmi\337-)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 119.055 226.772 637.796 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 312.811 746.9471 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.06 Tw
(tir (% 5 ile % 13) )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 388.5896 749.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((10))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 401.9139 746.9471 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.06 Tw
(. Ayn\335 \215al\335\337mada, artroskopi s\335ra-)Tj
-8.91029 -1.3 TD
0.034 Tc
0.091 Tw
(s\335nda opere edilen baca\333a \215e\337itli man\237plasyonlar\335n)Tj
T*
0.019 Tc
0.106 Tw
((kal\215a ve dizin fleksiyonu) uygulanmas\335n\335n, litotomi)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.091 Tw
(pozisyonunda oldu\333u gibi lumbosakral sinirlerde geril-)Tj
T*
0.05 Tw
(meye yol a\215arak GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 art\335rabilece\333i \232ne s\237r\237l-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
<6D9FDF749F7220>Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 343.0845 684.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((10))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 356.4087 681.947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(. )Tj
-4.35977 -2.6 TD
0.035 Tw
(Olgular\335n hastanede kal\335\337 s\237relerinin ve operasyon s\335ra-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(s)Tj
0.38892 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.043 Tw
(\335ndaki pozisyonlar\335n\335n spinal lidokaine ba\333l\335 GNS s\335k-)Tj
-0.38892 -1.3 TD
0.041 Tw
(l\335\333\335nda art\335\337a neden olabilece\333i d\237\337\237n\237lmektedir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 511.7585 632.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((22,23))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 535.0828 629.9471 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(.)Tj
-22.22718 -1.3 TD
0.071 Tw
(Lidokain ile uygulanan spinal anestezi alt\335nda g\237n\237bir-)Tj
T*
0.109 Tw
(lik cerrahi ge\215iren olgularda GNS s\335kl\335\333\335 % 24.3 iken,)Tj
T*
(yat\335r\335lan olgularda bu s\335kl\335k % 7.7 olarak bulunmu\337tur)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 580.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((13))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 326.1352 577.947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.08 Tw
(. Bununla birlikte, litotomi pozisyonu ve g\237n\237birlik)Tj
-1.33242 -1.3 TD
0.001 Tc
0.124 Tw
(cerrahinin lidokaine ba\333l\335 GNS geli\337iminde en \232nemli)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.067 Tw
(risk fakt\232rleri oldu\333u bildirilmi\337tir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 456.0058 554.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((13))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 469.33 551.9471 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.067 Tw
(. G\237n\237birlik cer-)Tj
-15.6519 -1.30001 TD
0.042 Tw
(rahide erken aya\333a kald\335rma ve erken aktivite ba\337lang\335-)Tj
T*
0.029 Tc
0.096 Tw
(c\335, GNS s\335kl\335\333\335ndaki art\335\337tan sorumlu tutulmaktad\335r)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 515.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((17,24))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 336.1352 512.947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.057 Tw
(. \202al\335\337mam\335zda, litotomi pozisyonu ve g\237n\237birlik)Tj
-2.33242 -1.30001 TD
0.047 Tw
(cerrahinin lidokaine ba\333l\335 GNS i\215in en \232nemli risk fak-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0 Tw
(t\232rleri oldu\333u belirlendi.)Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.021 Tc
0.104 Tw
(Obezitenin GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335n art\335\337\335nda s\335n\335rl\335 bir etkisi)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0 Tc
0.064 Tw
(olabilece\333i d\237\337\237n\237lmektedir. Obez olgularda BOS hac-)Tj
T*
0.061 Tw
(minin d\237\337\237k olmas\335, lokal anestezik ajanlar\335n BOS i\215e-)Tj
T*
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(risinde daha y\237ksek konsantrasyonlara ula\337mas\335na ne-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.122 Tw
(den olabilir. Bu durumun lidokaine ba\333l\335 n\232rotoksisite)Tj
T*
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(riskini art\335rabilece\333i \232ne s\237r\237lm\237\337t\237r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 470.9019 398.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.007 Tc
0 Tw
((13,25))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 494.641 395.9471 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(. \202al\335\337ma)Tj
3.96135 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-22.14436 -1.3 TD
0.03 Tw
(m\335zda; a\337\335r\335 \337i\337manl\335k, lidokain spinal anestezisine ba\333-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(l\335 GNS ile ili\337kili bulundu. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
0.12 Tw
(Baz\335 ara\337t\335r\335c\335lar kalem-u\215lu (Sprotte) spinal i\333nelerin,)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.019 Tc
0.106 Tw
(enjekte edilen lokal anestezi\333in subaraknoid aral\335kta)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.064 Tw
(maldistrib\237syonuna neden olarak, lokal anestezik n\232ro)Tj
22.1444 0 TD
(-)Tj
-22.1444 -1.30001 TD
0.006 Tw
(toksisitesini art\335rabilece\333ini bildirmi\337lerdir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 486.5413 307.5871 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((9,26))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 505.8656 304.947 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.006 Tw
<2E204B9F8D9F6B>Tj
-19.30546 -1.3 TD
0.031 Tc
0.094 Tw
(\215apl\335 i\333neler d\237\337\237k ak\335m h\335z\335yla ili\337kilidir ve lokal)Tj
T*
0.018 Tc
0.107 Tw
(anesteziklerin subaraknoid aral\335ktaki baz\335 b\232lgelerde)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.053 Tw
(daha y\237ksek konsantrasyonlara ula\337mas\335na yol a\215abilir.)Tj
T*
0.085 Tw
(\334n vitro yap\335lan bir \215al\335\337mada, k\237\215\237k \215apl\335 i\333ne ile d\237)Tj
22.14442 0.00001 TD
(-)Tj
-22.14442 -1.30001 TD
0.018 Tw
(\337\237k h\335zda verilen boyal\335 maddenin belli b\232lgelerde y\237k-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.03 Tw
(sek konsantrasyonlara ula\337t\335\333\335n\335n g\232sterilmesi, bu hipo-)Tj
T*
0.011 Tc
0.114 Tw
(tezi desteklemektedir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 405.1801 216.5871 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.011 Tc
0 Tw
((26))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 418.8459 213.9471 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.011 Tc
0.114 Tw
(. \202al\335\337mam\335zda; literat\237rden)Tj
-10.60349 -1.3 TD
0.007 Tc
0.118 Tw
(farkl\335 olarak, lidokain ile uygulanan spinal anestezide)Tj
T*
0.005 Tc
0.119 Tw
(kalem u\215lu ve k\237\215\237k \215apl\335 spinal i\333nelerin kullan\335m\335-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(n\335n, GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 etkilemedi\333i g\232r\237ld\237. )Tj
0 -2.60001 TD
0.042 Tw
(Kauda ekuina BOS i\215erisinde serbest bir \337ekilde bulun-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.081 Tw
(du\333u i\215in spinal i\333ne ile nadiren hasarlanabilir. Ancak,)Tj
T*
0.02 Tc
0.105 Tw
(sinir k\232kleri kauda ekuinaya g\232re daha fikse oldu\333u)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 725.71 m
283.463 725.71 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 454.9601 72.698 266.458 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 664.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal i\333ne tipi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 654.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Quincke)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Sprotte)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 634.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Spinal i\333ne \215ap\335)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 624.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(22 G)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(25 G)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 604.154 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(SA giri\337im seviyesi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 594.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(L3-4)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(L4-5)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 574.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(SA i\215in pozisyon)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 564.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Oturur)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Lateral)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 544.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(SA s\335ras\335nda zorluk )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 534.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Evet)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Hay\335r)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 514.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(SA s\335ras\335nda parestezi)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 504.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Evet)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(Hay\335r)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 484.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(Lidokain dozu )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 62.7331 474.1539 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.04 Tc
0 Tw
(<50 mg)Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(\26350 mg)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 727.008 226.772 29.843 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 749.8839 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.056 Tc
0.069 Tw
(Tablo 7. Lidokain uygulanan olgularda spinal anestezinin)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0.009 Tc
0.116 Tw
(giri\337imsel \232zellikleri ile ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar aras\335ndaki)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(ili\337ki.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 420.911 226.772 28.467 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 442.4193 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Veriler olgu say\335s\335 (%) olarak verilmi\337tir.)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(SA: Spinal anestezi.)Tj
T*
(GNS: Ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar.)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
133.714 454.9601 48.869 266.458 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 142.5868 714.4509 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Lidokain)Tj
0.17468 -1.25 TD
(GNS (+) )Tj
0.2428 -1.25 TD
(olgular)Tj
0.13209 -1.25 TD
((n=63))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 135.0438 654.4509 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(55/222 (% 25))Tj
0.5 -1.25 TD
(8/36 (% 22))Tj
-0.25 -2.5 TD
(22/87 (% 25))Tj
-0.25 -1.25 TD
(41/171 (% 24))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(45/197 (% 22))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(18/61 (% 29))Tj
-0.25 -2.5 TD
(28/126 (% 22))Tj
0 -1.25 TD
(35/132 (% 26))Tj
0.25 -2.5 TD
(18/67 (% 26))Tj
-0.25 -1.25 TD
(45/191 (% 23))Tj
0.25 -2.5 TD
(10/38 (% 27))Tj
-0.25 -1.25 TD
(53/220 (% 24))Tj
0 -2.5 TD
(33/183 (% 18))Tj
0.25 -1.25 TD
(30/75 (% 40))Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
187.097 454.9601 21.013 266.458 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 188.4894 714.4509 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(Odds)Tj
-0.02697 -1.25 TD
(Ratio)Tj
0.08361 -1.25 TD
((OR))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 192.6036 664.4508 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(0.8)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(1.1)Tj
T*
(1.3)Tj
T*
(0.7)Tj
T*
(0.5)Tj
T*
(1.5)Tj
T*
(3.9)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
211.764 454.9601 40.687 266.458 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 223.1076 714.4509 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(% 95)Tj
-1.29089 -1.25 TD
(Confidence)Tj
0.69433 -1.25 TD
(Interval)Tj
0.83338 -1.25 TD
((CI))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 220.7765 664.4508 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(0.5-1.6)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(0.4-2.2)Tj
T*
(0.6-1.9)Tj
T*
(0.3-2.3)Tj
T*
(0.1-2.5)Tj
T*
(0.5-2.6)Tj
T*
(2.4-6.5)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
257.953 454.9601 25.512 266.458 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 268.2653 714.4509 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P )Tj
-1.02723 -1.25 TD
(de\333eri)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 259.2292 664.4508 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(P>0.05)Tj
0 -3.75 TD
(P>0.05)Tj
T*
(P>0.05)Tj
T*
(P>0.05)Tj
T*
(P>0.05)Tj
T*
(P>0.05)Tj
T*
(P<0.01)Tj
ET
0 J 0 j 10 M []0 d 1 w
0 0 0 1 K
56.693 677.386 m
283.463 677.386 l
S
56.693 454.557 m
283.463 454.557 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 789.197 481.89 10.173 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F1 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 792.4114 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(G. T\237rker ve ark., Spinal anestezi sonras\335 ge\215ici n\232rolojik semptomlar: S\335kl\335\333\335n ve etyolojik fakt\232rlerin de\333erlendirilmesi)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
530.657 95.168 7.9211 9.714 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 531.6566 96.4236 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
(5)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/Length 14112
>>
stream
/GS0 gs
q
0 0.89 595 841 re
W n
1 g
0 841.89 0 0 re
f
Q
/GS1 gs
q
0 0 0 0 k
56.693 206.0581 226.772 550.793 re
f
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 748.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.0001 Tc
(i)Tj
0.27788 0.00001 TD
0 Tc
0.081 Tw
(\215in intervertebral foramende hasarlanma olas\335l\335\333\335 daha)Tj
-0.27788 -1.30001 TD
0 Tw
(y\237ksektir )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 98.4904 737.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
((27))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 111.8146 735.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0.109 Tw
(. Bu tip hasarlanmalar, genellikle i\333nenin)Tj
-5.41217 -1.3 TD
0.0255 Tc
(l)Tj
0.30345 0.00001 TD
0.025 Tc
0.099 Tw
(ateral yerle\337imi sonucu meydana gelir ve n\232rolojik)Tj
-0.30345 -1.30001 TD
0 Tc
0.091 Tw
(semptomlar genellikle tek tarafl\335 ve radik\237ler karakter-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.124 Tw
(dedir. GNS ise, genellikle bilateraldir ve radik\237ler ka-)Tj
T*
0.044 Tw
(rakterli de\333ildir. Bu klinik farkl\335l\335k nedeniyle, GNS\325nin)Tj
T*
0.004 Tc
0.121 Tw
(spinal i\333nenin direkt travmas\335na ba\333l\335 olarak geli\337me-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0 Tw
(yece\333i s\232ylenebilir. )Tj
0 -2.6 TD
-0.015 Tc
0.084 Tw
(GNS etyolojisi ile ilgili bir di\333er hipotez de; semptomla-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.102 Tw
(r\335n kas spazm\335 veya miyofasiyal sendroma ikincil olarak)Tj
T*
0.118 Tw
(geli\337ebilece\333idir. Naveira ve ark. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 192.0876 607.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
((16))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 204.9318 605.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.118 Tw
(, spinal anesteziden)Tj
-14.72389 -1.3 TD
0.098 Tw
(2 hafta sonra GNS\325ye benzer \337ekilde bel ve bacak a\333r\335s\335)Tj
T*
0.015 Tw
(olan iki olguyu, tetik nokta enjeksiyonu ile ba\337ar\335yla teda-)Tj
T*
0.067 Tw
(vi ettiklerini bildirmi\337lerdir. Di\333er taraftan, spinal aneste-)Tj
T*
0.08 Tw
(zinin derin bir kas gev\337emesi sa\333layarak miyofasiyal k\232-)Tj
T*
0.105 Tw
(kenli a\333r\335n\335n olu\337umunu azaltabilece\333i de \232ne s\237r\237lm\237\337)Tj
22.14441 0 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-22.14441 -1.30001 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(t\237r )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 71.9564 529.6611 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
((10,28))Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 94.4548 527.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.125 Tw
(. Bu nedenle, GNS\325nin kas-iskelet kaynakl\335 ol-)Tj
-3.67619 -1.3 TD
0 Tw
(du\333unu s\232ylemek olduk\215a g\237\215t\237r. )Tj
0 -2.60001 TD
0 Tc
0.076 Tw
(Sonu\215 olarak; spinal anestezide lidokain kullan\335m\335, bu-)Tj
0 -1.3 TD
0.043 Tw
(pivakain ile k\335yasland\335\333\335nda GNS s\335kl\335\333\335n\335 belirgin ola-)Tj
T*
0.092 Tw
(rak art\335rmaktad\335r. Bulgular\335m\335z, lidokain spinal aneste-)Tj
T*
0.002 Tc
0.123 Tw
(zisinde; litotomi pozisyonun, g\237n\237birlik cerrahinin, li-)Tj
T*
0 Tc
0.057 Tw
(dokain dozunun ve obezitenin GNS geli\337imi i\215in maj\232r)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(risk fakt\232rleri oldu\333unu g\232sterdi. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 57.6929 397.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0 Tc
0 Tw
(KAYNAKLAR)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 375.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.004 Tc
0.113 Tw
(1. Lambert DH: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 116.8674 375.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.004 Tc
0.113 Tw
(Complication of spinal anesthesia. Int Anesth Clin)Tj
-7.39681 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(27(1):51-55, 1989.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 357.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.108 Tw
(2. Tarkkila PJ, Kaukinen S: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 156.6756 357.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.108 Tw
(Complications during spinal anesthesia:)Tj
-12.37284 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(A prospective study. Reg Anesth 16(2):101-6, 1991.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 339.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.006 Tc
0.104 Tw
(3. Gielen M: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 105.2405 339.0211 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.006 Tc
0.104 Tw
(Postdural puncture headache: A Review. Reg Anesth)Tj
-5.94345 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(14(3):101-106, 1989.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 321.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.038 Tw
(4. Peng AT, Behar S, Blancato LS: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 175.7443 321.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.038 Tw
(Reduction of postlumbar puncture)Tj
-14.75642 -1.125 TD
0.075 Tw
(backache by the use of field block anesthesia prior to lumbar puncture.)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(Anesthesiology 63(2):227-228, 1985. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 294.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.123 Tw
(5. Schneider M, Ettlin T, Kaufmann M, et al:)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 217.3442 294.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.123 Tw
(Transient neurologic)Tj
-19.95641 -1.125 TD
-0.007 Tc
0.117 Tw
(toxicity after hyperbaric subarachnoid anesthesia with 5 % lidocaine.)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Anesth Analg 76(5):1154-1157, 1993.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 267.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.112 Tw
(6. Hampl KF, Schneider MC, Ummenhofer W, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 240.5906 267.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.112 Tw
(Transient ne-)Tj
-22.86221 -1.125 TD
-0.009 Tc
0.118 Tw
(urologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 81(6):1148-)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(1153, 1995.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 240.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.012 Tw
(7. Farid I, Youssef G, Banoub M, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 188.2093 240.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.012 Tw
(Diagnosis and management of)Tj
-16.31455 -1.125 TD
0.045 Tw
(transient neurologic symptoms following subarachnoid block with sing-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(le-shot isobaric 2 % lidocaine. J Clin Anesth 13(7):521-523, 2001.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 57.6929 213.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.003 Tw
(8. Hampl KF, Schneider MC, Pargger H, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 213.602 213.021 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.003 Tw
(A similar incidence of)Tj
ET
0 0 0 0 k
311.811 186.055 226.772 570.796 re
f
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 749.587 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
0.07 Tw
(transient neurological symptoms after spinal anesthesia with 2 % and 5)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(% lidocaine. Anesth Analg 83(5):1051-1054, 1996.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 731.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.003 Tc
0.107 Tw
(9. Beardsley D, Holman S, Gantt R, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 463.9971 731.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.003 Tc
0.107 Tw
(Transient neurological)Tj
-18.89826 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0.06 Tw
(symptoms after spinal anaesthesia; local anesthetic maldistribution with)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(pencil-point needles? Anesth Analg 81(2):314-320, 1995.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 704.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.061 Tw
(10. Pollock JE, Neal JM, Stephanson CA, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 473.5659 704.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.061 Tw
(Prospective study of)Tj
-20.09436 -1.125 TD
0.017 Tw
(the incidence of transient radicular irritation in patient undergoing spinal)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(anesthesia. Anesthesiology 84(6):1361-1367, 1996.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 677.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.004 Tw
(11. Sakura S, Sumi M, Sakaguchi Y, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 453.1774 677.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.004 Tw
(The addition of phenyleph-)Tj
-17.5458 -1.125 TD
0.073 Tw
(rine contributes to the development of transient neurological symptoms)Tj
T*
-0.014 Tc
0.124 Tw
(after spinal anesthesia with 5 % tetracaine. Anesthesiology 87(4):771-)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(778, 1997.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 641.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.012 Tw
(12. Hampl KF, Schneider MC, Thorin D, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 469.3513 641.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.012 Tw
(Hyperosmalarity does)Tj
-19.56753 -1.125 TD
-0.011 Tc
0.121 Tw
(not contribute transient radicular irritation after spinal anesthesia with)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(hyperbaric 5 % lidocaine. Reg Anesth 20(5):363-368, 1995.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 614.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 Tc
0.124 Tw
(13. Freedman JM, Li DK, Drasner K, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 466.6737 614.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.014 Tc
0.124 Tw
(Transient neurological)Tj
-19.23284 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(symptoms after spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 89(3):633-641, 1998.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 596.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.012 Tc
0.098 Tw
(14. De Jong RH: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 375.9204 596.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.012 Tc
0.098 Tw
(Last round for a \322Heavyweight\323? Anesth Analg)Tj
-7.88867 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(78(2):3-4, 1994.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 578.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.011 Tw
(15. Drasner K: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 364.1535 578.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.011 Tw
(Lidocaine spinal anesthesia: A vanishing therapeutic in-)Tj
-6.41781 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(dex? Anesthesiology 87(3):469-471, 1997. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 560.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.015 Tw
(16. Naveira FA, Copeland S, Anderson M, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 473.3269 560.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.015 Tw
(Transient neurologic)Tj
-20.06449 -1.125 TD
0.004 Tw
(toxicity after spinal anesthesia, or is it myofacial pain? Two case reports.)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(Anesthesiology 88(1):268-270, 1998.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 533.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.01 Tc
0.1 Tw
(17. Urmey WF: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 371.4473 533.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
0.01 Tc
0.1 Tw
(TNS: Is it clear that lidocaine is the culprit? Reg)Tj
-7.32954 -1.125 TD
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Anesth Pain Med 28(2):150-151, 2003.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 515.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.085 Tw
(18. Tong D, Wong J, Chung F, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 439.721 515.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.085 Tw
(Prospective study on incidence)Tj
-15.86375 -1.125 TD
0.045 Tw
(and functional impact of transient neurologic symptoms associated with)Tj
T*
0.011 Tc
0.099 Tw
(1 % versus 5 % hyperbaric lidocaine in short urologic procedures.)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Anesthesiology 98(2):485-494, 2003.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 479.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.016 Tw
(19. Ben-David B, Maryanovsky M, Gurevitch A, et al:)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 493.6798 479.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.016 Tw
(A comparison)Tj
-22.6086 -1.125 TD
-0.011 Tc
0.121 Tw
(of minidose lidocaine-fentanyl and conventional-dose lidocaine spinal)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(anesthesia. Anesth Analg 91(4):865-870, 2000. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 452.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.04 Tw
(20. Lambert LA, Lambert DH, Strichartz GR: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 470.7171 452.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.04 Tw
(Irreversible conducti-)Tj
-19.73826 -1.125 TD
-0.008 Tc
0.118 Tw
(on block in isolated nerve by high concentration of local anesthetics.)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Anesthesiology 80(5):1082-1093, 1994.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 425.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.106 Tw
(21. Drasner K, Sakura S, Chan VW, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 460.5872 425.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.106 Tw
(Persistent sacral sensory)Tj
-18.47202 -1.125 TD
0.058 Tw
(deficit induced by intrathecal local anesthetic infusion in the rat. Anest-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(hesiology 80(4):847-852, 1994. )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 398.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.106 Tw
(22. Martinez-Bourio R, Arzuaga M, Quintana JM, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 507.4547 398.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Incidence)Tj
-24.33046 -1.125 TD
0.125 Tw
(of transient neurologic symptoms after hyperbaric subarachnoid anest-)Tj
T*
0.028 Tw
(hesia with 5 % lidocaine and 5 % prilocaine. Anesthesiology 88(3):624-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(628, 1998.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 362.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.056 Tw
(23. Hampl KF, Heinzmann-Wiedmer S, Luginbuehl I, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 515.207 362.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(Transi-)Tj
-25.29949 -1.125 TD
0.039 Tw
(ent neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: a lower incidence with)Tj
T*
0.037 Tc
0.073 Tw
(prilocaine and bupivacaine than with lidocaine. Anesthesiology)Tj
T*
-0.015 Tc
0 Tw
(88(3):629-633, 1998.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 326.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.052 Tw
(24. Douglas MJ: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 369.9044 326.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.052 Tw
(Neurotoxicity of lidocaine- Does it exist? Can J Ana-)Tj
-7.13667 -1.125 TD
0 Tw
(esth 42(3):181-185, 1995.)Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F0 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 312.811 308.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.045 Tw
(25. Hogan QH, Prost R, Kulier A, et al: )Tj
ET
Q
q
BT
/F3 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 447.4554 308.587 Tm
0 Tr
0 0 0 1 k
-0.015 Tc
0.045 Tw
(Magnetic resonance imaging)Tj
-16.83055 -1.125 TD
0.042 Tw
(of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and ab-)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(dominal pressure. Anesthesiology 84(6):1341-1349, 1996.)Tj
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